41^st World Cardiology Conference

Cardiometabolic Syndrome

Cardiometabolic Syndrome refers to a cluster of interrelated risk factors that significantly increase an individual’s likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and stroke. These risk factors often include central (abdominal) obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol), and impaired glucose tolerance. When present together, these conditions create a synergistic effect that accelerates the progression of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, making early identification and management critical.The syndrome is primarily driven by insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. Excess fat around the abdomen contributes to hormonal and inflammatory changes that disrupt the body's ability to use insulin effectively, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and increased fat in the bloodstream. Over time, this metabolic dysfunction stresses the cardiovascular system, promoting atherosclerosis, hypertension, and eventual organ damage.Lifestyle factors play a central role in the development of cardiometabolic syndrome. Poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, chronic stress, smoking, and inadequate sleep are all associated with the emergence of these risk factors. Genetic predisposition also contributes, but modifiable behaviors are often the primary drivers in most individuals. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical criteria, including waist circumference (as a marker for central obesity), fasting glucose levels, blood pressure, triglyceride levels, and HDL cholesterol levels.