41^st World Cardiology Conference

Heart Failure Management

Heart Failure Management involves a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach aimed at improving symptoms, enhancing quality of life, reducing hospitalizations, and prolonging survival for patients with impaired cardiac function. Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic demands. Management strategies are tailored based on the type of heart failure—whether it is reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), or mid-range (HFmrEF)—as well as the severity of symptoms and underlying causes.Initial management begins with lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes such as sodium and fluid restriction, weight monitoring, and regular physical activity under medical supervision. Patient education plays a vital role in empowering individuals to recognize early signs of decompensation, such as sudden weight gain, swelling, or breathlessness, enabling timely intervention. Pharmacological therapy is the cornerstone of heart failure treatment. In HFrEF, guideline-directed medical therapy includes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and the newer angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), which have shown to improve survival and reduce hospitalization rates.